Frostbite is characterized by an area of the body, usually the extremities, becoming red (frostnip), then gray (superficial frostbite), then white (deep/severe frostbite), and accompanied by numbness. Although the treatment for each type of frostbite varies, there are two very important guidelines that are true for all three: never massage or rub frostbitten areas, with or without snow, and never apply any ointments. The basic treatment for the first two types of frostbite is to slowly warm the affected areas by immersing in tepid (100o-105o), not hot, water. Give warm drinks and wrap in blankets. When rewarmed, call the doctor. The treatment for severe frostbite requires seeking immediate medical attention. Do not try to administer |first aid| or thaw the tissue. Wrap the frozen area in a blanket or other soft material to prevent bruising, and keep it elevated on the way to the hospital.
